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Tallinn Estland  Patkuli Aussichtsplatform auf Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung   Tallinn Estland   Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung
Tallinn Estland  Patkuli Aussichtsplatform auf Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung Tallinn Estland   Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung
Tallinn Estland  Patkuli Aussichtsplatform auf Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung Tallinn Estland   Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung
Tallinn Estland  Patkuli Aussichtsplatform auf Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung Tallinn Estland   Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung
 Patkuli Aussichtsplattform auf Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung Tallinn Estland   Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung
  
Tallinn Estland  Patkuli Aussichtsplatform auf Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung Tallinn Estland   Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung
  
Tallinn Estland    Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung Tallinn Estland   Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung
  
Tallinn Estland    Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung Tallinn Estland  Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung
  
Tallinn Estland    Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung Tallinn Estland  Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung
  
Tallinn Estland    Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung Tallinn Estland  Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung
  
Tallinn Estland    Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung Tallinn Estland  Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung
  
Tallinn Estland    Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung Tallinn Estland  Nuku Museuem
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Tallinn Estland   Leiermusikant Revaler Stadtbefestigung 

The Revaler Stadtbefestigung (Tallinn City Wall) is the historic fortification system of Tallinn, Estonia, which dates back to the 13th century. It is one of the most well-preserved medieval city walls in Northern Europe and a significant cultural and historical landmark. Below is a detailed overview of its architecture, history, and current state:

Architecture and History

  1. Origins and Construction:

    • The construction of the city wall began in the second half of the 13th century, following an order by Danish Queen Margaret in 1265. The wall was continuously expanded and adapted over 300 years to meet the evolving needs of defense technology12.

    • By the 15th century, the wall reached its final form, stretching 2.35 kilometers in length, with a height of 13–16 meters and a thickness of 2–3 meters. It originally featured 40 to 46 towers, though some sources mention nearly 60 towers12.

  2. Towers and Gates:

    • Notable towers include the Kiek in de Kök (a cannon tower built around 1475) and the Dicke Margarethe (a large artillery tower constructed between 1518 and 1529)2.

    • Other significant towers include the Loewenschede Tower (completed in 1373) and the Reeperbahnturm (originally built in 1360 and later expanded to 27 meters in height)49.

  3. Modernization and Decline:

    • During the 17th century, under Swedish rule, the fortifications were modernized with the addition of bastions like Ingermanland and Schonen1.

    • By the mid-19th century, parts of the wall were dismantled due to their diminished military significance. However, preservation efforts later ensured the survival of 26 towers and 1.85 kilometers of the wall12.

Current State and Tourism

  1. Preservation:

    • Today, the Revaler Stadtbefestigung is a major tourist attraction. Many towers and sections of the wall are open to visitors, offering panoramic views of Tallinn's Old Town29.

    • The Kiek in de Kök tower now houses a city museum, while the Dicke Margarethe tower is home to the Estonian Maritime Museum2.

  2. Accessibility:

    • Visitors can walk along parts of the wall, particularly between the Nunnatorn and Kuldjala torn towers. Opening hours vary by season, with extended hours during the summer months2.

    • The Loewenschede Tower has been repurposed as a cultural space, hosting exhibitions and events4.

Significance

  • The Revaler Stadtbefestigung is a testament to Tallinn's strategic importance during the medieval period, particularly as a key trading hub in the Baltic region12.

  • Its preservation highlights Estonia's commitment to maintaining its cultural heritage, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts and tourists alike.

 Tallinn Estland  Stadtmauer Revaler Stadtbefestigung 

The Revaler Stadtbefestigung refers to the city fortifications of Reval, the historical name for Tallinn, Estonia. These fortifications were built over the centuries to protect the city from external threats and are an important part of Tallinn’s medieval heritage.

Key aspects of the Revaler Stadtbefestigung (Tallinn’s city fortifications):

  1. Historical Context:

    • Tallinn (formerly known as Reval) was an important trading city in the Middle Ages, and as a result, it needed to be well-defended. The city fortifications were developed over several centuries, starting in the early medieval period and expanding through the 14th and 15th centuries.
    • The fortifications were built primarily to protect the city from invaders, such as the Russians, Danes, and later the Swedes. They also protected Tallinn’s lucrative trade routes in the Baltic Sea.

  2. Components of the Fortifications:

    • City Walls: The city was enclosed by high stone walls, which had multiple gates and watchtowers. Some sections of the city walls are still visible today.
    • Towers: Many of Tallinn's medieval towers were part of these fortifications. Notable towers that have survived include the Kiek in de Kök (meaning "Peek into the Kitchen"), which is a large defensive tower and now a museum.
    • Gates: Tallinn had several gates in its city walls, including the Pikk Hermann Gate (leading to the Toompea Hill area) and the Fat Margaret Gate, which was one of the city's most important entrances.
    • Fortified Bastions: The fortifications included large bastions and ramparts that helped protect the city from artillery fire. Some of these still remain, especially in areas like the Tallinn Old Town.

  3. The City Walls Today:

    • While much of the fortifications have been dismantled over time, significant portions still remain, particularly in the Tallinn Old Town.
    • The Tallinn City Wall is one of the best-preserved medieval city walls in Europe, and many sections, along with several towers, have been preserved or restored for visitors to explore.
    • Today, parts of the Revaler Stadtbefestigung are open to the public, and some towers, such as Kiek in de Kök and Tall Hermann Tower, house museums or are accessible for tours.

  4. Tourism and Preservation:

    • Visitors to Tallinn can walk along the remaining sections of the city walls, visit the towers, and explore the preserved gates to get a sense of how the city was once defended.
    • The Tallinn City Wall Walk is a popular activity for tourists, allowing you to visit both the lower and upper parts of the wall.

  5. Significance:

    • The fortifications were central to the identity and security of medieval Tallinn. They symbolize the city's strategic importance in the Baltic Sea region during the Middle Ages.

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