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Reval was the historical name for what is now the modern city of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. The name "Reval" was used primarily in German, Swedish, and other foreign languages during the medieval and early modern periods, while "Tallinn" (which is derived from the Estonian word "Tallinna") is the name used by the Estonians themselves.

Here are some key points about Reval (Tallinn):

1. Historical Significance of Reval:

• Medieval Period: During the Middle Ages, Reval was a crucial trade center in the Baltic region. It was an important member of the Hanseatic League, a powerful economic alliance of cities in northern Europe. The city prospered due to its strategic location on the Baltic Sea and its active role in the merchant trade.
• Defensive Fortifications: Reval was well-fortified during this time, as it needed protection from various invading forces, including the Russians, Swedes, and others. Many of the defensive structures built during this period remain today, such as parts of the city wall and its towers.

2. Change of Control:

• Danish Rule: In the early 13th century, the area was taken over by Denmark, and the name "Reval" became associated with the Danish-controlled region.
• Swedish Rule: In the 16th century, Reval came under Swedish control as part of the Treaty of Nystad after the Great Northern War.
• Russian Empire: In the early 18th century, following the Great Northern War, the city and the region of Estonia became part of the Russian Empire. The name Reval continued to be used under Russian rule, even as the city developed into a more prominent port.

3. Modern Times and Tallinn:

• Changing Name: After Estonia gained independence from Russia in 1918, the city adopted its modern name, Tallinn, which is derived from the Estonian words "tallinna" or "tallin," referring to the “Danish King's stronghold.” This name was officially recognized in the early 20th century.
• Soviet Period: During the Soviet era (1940–1991), Tallinn again became part of the Soviet Union, but the city continued to be known as Tallinn.

4. Reval in the Modern Context:

• Tallinn Today: Today, Tallinn is a vibrant and modern city, famous for its well-preserved medieval Old Town, which has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is known for its stunning architecture, rich history, and its role as a tech hub, often referred to as the "Silicon Valley" of Europe because of its thriving digital and startup scene.

• Reval’s Legacy: The name Reval may no longer be used officially, but it still holds historical importance, particularly in understanding Tallinn’s medieval and early modern history. Many old maps and historical records refer to the city as Reval.

5. Key Landmarks from the Reval Period:

• Tallinn Old Town: Much of the Old Town of Tallinn retains its medieval charm, with cobbled streets, old merchant houses, and towering churches. Key landmarks from the Reval period include:
  • Tall Hermann Tower and Kiek in de Kök (defensive towers)
  • Raekoja Plats (Town Hall Square)
  • Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, built during the Russian Empire period but part of Tallinn's rich history.
• Hanseatic Influence: The legacy of Reval’s role in the Hanseatic League can be seen in the city’s vibrant market culture and its historical buildings, many of which date back to the time when Reval was an important trading hub.

In essence, Reval represents the earlier historical identity of Tallinn, and understanding this name offers insights into the city's past as a medieval trading powerhouse and its subsequent development into the modern capital of Estonia.